La vida cultural de la
ciudad de Barcelona ha sufrido en la última década duros golpes por parte de la Administración.
Los casos de cierre de locales emblemáticos con amplia
tradición cultural y arraigo entre la sociedad civil han puesto en entredicho una
política que se jactaba de destacar y respetar la dimensión cultural de la
ciudad, y que incluso hacía bandera de ello, como reclamo para el turismo. De
ello se ha resentido, sobre todo, la salud de la escena musical de la ciudad.
Solamente permitida en grandes salas de fiestas y discotecas (una vez
regularizada la música en la calle y en los bares), la escena emergente,
aquella que no llena estadios ni se ve en la televisión, no encuentra su espacio
de expresión.
Barcelona ’s cultural life has suffered in the last decade from
interference by the public administration. Several cases related to closure of
emblematic spaces with wide cultural tradition and strong roots among civil
society have put into question a policy that had boasted of its respect towards
the city’s cultural dimension, and had used it as an instrument for tourism. The
city's musical scene is the one that has suffered the most from this process. The
emergent scene, only permitted in large clubs and discos (once the music on the
street and in bars regularized), the one that does not fill stadiums nor
appears on television, is not just capable of finding a space to express itself.
The Catalan Law 11/2009, which regulates public entertainment and recreational activities, repealed the previous one 10/1990, which incorporated in its title the term spectacles “police”. The abandonment of this terminology, which clearly appears to be hostile towards a positive view of the public spectacle as a cultural activity, is by itself a sign of evolution that represents a change in the way this sector is seen by the administration. Indeed, the previous law had become obsolete due to changes in forms of entertainment by most of the population, and also because of the need to reconcile the rights of those who want to have fun, especially by going to locals of night cultural entertainment, and those who may be disturbed by the noise generated by this kind of activity.
One exclusively legal reason which originated the need to reform the legislation was the entry into force of the European Directive on services in the internal market and its corresponding service transposition into Spanish law, which forced administrations to change the way in which they supervised free private initiative in the context of a market economy, especially in the area of licensing, consistent so far in administrative intervention prior to starting a business. With the new policy, an election was done for the gradual replacement of these instruments by other ones less intrusive in nature, in which the control by the administration is done after the business has started its activity. This seeks for speeding up the procedures necessary to open a business, to revitalize local economic activity, and to evolve to a new administrative inspection and control culture.
Apart from that, it can be stated that the law emphasizes, unlike the previous regulation, the need for citizens to express their opinion in licensing procedures and authorizations if they are directly affected by the installation of that particular business in their neighbourhood. In more technical terms, the law emphasizes the inclusion, at last, of the after-hours as establishments of special kind, and it creates new mechanisms to control the fulfilment of the requirements of crowd capacity. Among the new categories of businesses included in the new law, the most important ones are the musical bars with live music. Besides, for the first time it is possible to reconcile the existence of various types of activities in a single establishment which can be at the same time governed by a single license.
Leonid Yakon.
La ley catalana 11/2009,
que regula administrativamente los espectáculos públicos y las actividades
recreativas, derogó la anterior 10/1990, que incorporaba en su título el
término de “policía” de espectáculos. El abandono de esta terminología hostil hacia
una visión positiva del espectáculo público como actividad cultural es de por
sí un signo de evolución que representa un cambio en la forma de ver este
sector por parte de la administración. En efecto, la ley anterior se había
quedado obsoleta a causa de los cambios en las formas de ocio de la mayoría de
la población, y también a raíz de la necesidad de hacer compatibles los
derechos de los que quieren divertirse, especialmente acudiendo a locales de
ocio cultural nocturno, y de los que quieren descansar por la noche.
Uno de los motivos
exclusivamente jurídicos por los que se originó la necesidad de reformar la
legislación fue la entrada en vigor de la Directiva europea de servicios y su
correspondiente transposición en la normativa española, y que obligó a cambiar
la manera en que las administraciones supervisaban hasta entonces la libre
iniciativa privada en el marco de una economía de mercado, especialmente en el
ámbito de las autorizaciones y licencias, que suponen una intervención administrativa
previa a la apertura de un negocio o al inicio de una actividad. Con la nueva
directiva, se apostó por la progresiva sustitución de estos instrumentos por
otros de carácter menos intervencionista, como lo es la comunicación previa, en
la cual el control por parte de la administración es posterior y el
reconocimiento del derecho a abrir el negocio se recibe el mismo día de la
presentación de la susodicha comunicación. Esto busca, a fin de cuentas, una
agilización de los trámites necesarios para abrir locales y una dinamización de
la actividad económica, así como el paso de una cultura administrativa típica
de policía a otra de inspección y control posterior.
Aun así, la nueva
normativa catalana en materia de espectáculos no consigue ni mucho menos
despejar las dudas existentes sobre la opacidad del procedimiento
administrativo en el sector. Por ejemplo, se critica el hecho de que, junto a
la presentación, antes del inicio de la actividad, de una declaración
responsable y de la declaración de tenencia de póliza de seguro (partes
ineludibles de una comunicación previa), un ayuntamiento suele exigir también
otra documentación no referida en la ley ni en su reglamento de desarrollo (el
decreto catalán 112/2010).
A partir de aquí, se
puede decir que la ley hace hincapié, al contrario que la normativa anterior,
en la necesidad de que los ciudadanos muestren su parecer en los procedimientos
de concesión de licencias y autorizaciones si se ven afectados de forma directa
por la instalación de aquel negocio concreto en su área de residencia. En cuanto a aspectos más técnicos, la ley
destaca por la inclusión, por fin, de los after
hours, como establecimientos de carácter especial, y de nuevos mecanismos
para controlar que se cumplan los requisitos de aforo de los locales. Entre las
nuevas categorías de locales incluidas en la nueva ley, destaca la de los bares
musicales con música en directo. Además, por primera vez es posible conciliar
la existencia de diversos tipos de actividades en un único local y que éste se
rija por una única licencia.
Leonid Yakon.
Ups and downs of live music in Barcelona
The Catalan Law 11/2009, which regulates public entertainment and recreational activities, repealed the previous one 10/1990, which incorporated in its title the term spectacles “police”. The abandonment of this terminology, which clearly appears to be hostile towards a positive view of the public spectacle as a cultural activity, is by itself a sign of evolution that represents a change in the way this sector is seen by the administration. Indeed, the previous law had become obsolete due to changes in forms of entertainment by most of the population, and also because of the need to reconcile the rights of those who want to have fun, especially by going to locals of night cultural entertainment, and those who may be disturbed by the noise generated by this kind of activity.
One exclusively legal reason which originated the need to reform the legislation was the entry into force of the European Directive on services in the internal market and its corresponding service transposition into Spanish law, which forced administrations to change the way in which they supervised free private initiative in the context of a market economy, especially in the area of licensing, consistent so far in administrative intervention prior to starting a business. With the new policy, an election was done for the gradual replacement of these instruments by other ones less intrusive in nature, in which the control by the administration is done after the business has started its activity. This seeks for speeding up the procedures necessary to open a business, to revitalize local economic activity, and to evolve to a new administrative inspection and control culture.
However, the new Catalan rules about entertainment
fail in erasing existing doubts regarding opacity of the administrative
procedure in the sector. For example, the fact that a municipality often
requires also other documents not mentioned in the law or its corresponding
decree is widely criticized.
Apart from that, it can be stated that the law emphasizes, unlike the previous regulation, the need for citizens to express their opinion in licensing procedures and authorizations if they are directly affected by the installation of that particular business in their neighbourhood. In more technical terms, the law emphasizes the inclusion, at last, of the after-hours as establishments of special kind, and it creates new mechanisms to control the fulfilment of the requirements of crowd capacity. Among the new categories of businesses included in the new law, the most important ones are the musical bars with live music. Besides, for the first time it is possible to reconcile the existence of various types of activities in a single establishment which can be at the same time governed by a single license.
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